Power System Protection; Fault analysis, Coordination, Relay Schemes and Protective Devices Settings and Testing Course

Course Overview:

This extensive course aims to equip participants with thorough understanding of the electrical power system.

The entire course begins with an introduction to relays, transformers, and control circuits before delving into the basics of power systems, types of faults, and even their protection devices. 

There is detailed insight into the performing of fault calculations, overcurrent and unit protection methods, as well as some specialized schemes for transformers, feeders, motors and generators. 

The participants of this course will be able to gather professional knowledge on the protection coordination, testing, and maintenance techniques making this course a great fit for engineers and technicians that wish to work in electrical systems. 

This course will make professionals qualified to assure the reliability of the system and protection of the equipment against failures ensuring effective engineering.

Course Objectives:

At the end of the course, the participants will get an excellent knowledge of the followings: -

• Basics of Power System.
• Electrical Equipment Damage and need for Protection.
• Fundamentals of electrical power protection.
• Functional Requirements of Protection Relays.
• Different fault types and their effects
• Performing simple fault and design calculations

Who Should Attend?

Any Person work in any of the following areas, you will benefit from this course:-

• Design, installation, and maintenance engineers and technicians.
• Electrical engineers and technicians.
• Project engineers.
• Electrical maintenance, technicians, and supervisors.

Course Outlines:

Review Power System Basics

Simple protection devices

• Direct-acting trip
• Thermal trip
• Time-limit fuses
• Thermal overload devices
• Oil dashpots
• Fuses
• Molded-case circuit-breakers

Relays

• Induction relays
• Typical applications
• Attracted-armature relays
• Typical applications
• Moving-coil relays
• Thermal relays
• Timing relays
• Design
• Static relays

Current and voltage transformers for protection

• Current transformers
• Construction
• Design
• Burden
• Operation
• Open-circuited current transformer
• Short-time factor
• Accuracy limit factor
• Specification of current transformers
• Rated secondary current
• Secondary winding impedance
• Primary windings
• Application
• Effect of CT magnetizing current on relay setting
• Residual connection
• Quadrature or air-gap current transformers
• Summation current transformer
• Voltage transformers
• Accuracy
• Protection
• Residual connection
• Capacitor voltage transformers

Fault calculations

• Impedance
• Fault level
• Generators
• Cables
• Source impedance
• Motors
• Practical example
• Current distribution
• Earth faults

Time-graded overcurrent protection

• Settings
• Time-multiplier setting
• Application
• Discrimination with fuses
• Typical calculation
• Earth-fault protection
• Directional protection
• Directional relays
• Very inverse characteristic
• Extremely inverse characteristic
• High multiples of setting

Unit protection

• Relays
• Application
• Protection of a motor
• CT knee-point voltage
• Overall setting
• The residual connection
• Busbar protection
• Phase and earth-fault schemes
• Settings
• Current setting
• Duplicate-busbar protection
• Mesh-connected substation
• Biased differential protection

Transformer protection

• Types of fault
• Differential protection
• Magnetizing inrush
• Tap-changing
• Biased systems
• High-speed biased systems
• Earth-fault protection
• Protection of an earthed-star winding
• Protection of the delta winding
• Buchholz protection
• Overcurrent protection
• Instantaneous high-set overcurrent protection
• Overload protection
• Protection of a typical industrial installation
• Restricted earth-fault protection
• Balanced earth-fault protection
• Overcurrent protection
• Standby earth-fault protection

Feeder protection

• Differential protection
• Factors affecting the design
• Practical systems
• Teed feeder differential protection
• Transformer-feeder protection
• Intertripping
• Auxiliary equipment
• Electronic relays
• Impedance protection

Motor protection

• Abnormal conditions
• Overload protection
• Phase unbalance
• Stalling
• Insulation failure
• Settings
• Static relays
• Differential protection
• Loss of supply
• Synchronous motors

Generator protection

• Insulation failure
• Earthing by resistor
• Earthing by transformer
• Stator protection
• Earth-fault protection
• Rotor earth-fault protection
• Unsatisfactory operating conditions
• Overcurrent protection
• Overload
• Failure of the prime mover
• Loss of field
• Overspeed
• Overvoltage
• Protection of generator/transformer units
• Unit transformers
• Parallel operation (public supply)

Control circuits

• Batteries
• Power factor correction  

Testing& Maintenance

• Works tests
• Tests on-site
• Commissioning tests
• CT magnetizing characteristic curves
• Relay characteristic check
• Static relays
• Insulation tests
• Tripping circuit check
• Routine maintenance tests
• Test equipment
• Care of protection relays

Protection Coordination

• Introduction
• Time-graded Protection
• Time- and Current-graded Protection
• Time- and direction-graded protection
• Current- and Impedance-graded Protection
• Interlocking-based Protection
• Differential Protection
• Low-impedance principle
• High-impedance principle