Power System Control and Stability Course

Course Overview:

This course equips learners with the knowledge about the principles and practices of power system protection.

During these sessions students will examine the role of protection, fault analysis, system grounding and protection system elements like fuses, instrument transformers, circuit breakers and relays.

Feeder, transformer, motor, generator and overhead line protection are among more advanced topics complimented by several practical demonstrations and relay settings. 

The course is directed at electrical engineers, protection engineers and technicians and includes real life case studies and practical exercises to improve the skill set of learners on how to manage, maintain and optimize electrical power system protection systems.

Course Objectives:

By the end of the course, participants will be able to:

• The need for protection
• An overview of power system fault analysis
• Protection fundamentals
• Relay transducers, both current and future
• System grounding principles
• Overcurrent earth fault protection
• Coordination principles

Who Should Attend?

This course is intended for Electrical Engineers and Highly Qualified Technicians, Protection Engineers, Operation Engineers, those concerning Protection Fields such as Protection of Electrical Power System.

• Electrical Engineers
• Project Engineers
• Design Engineers
• Instrumentation and Design Engineers
• Electrical Technicians
• Field Technicians
• Electricians
• Plant Operators

Course Outlines:

NEED FOR PROTECTION

• Selectivity, stability, sensitivity, speed, reliability, dependability, security

FAULT TYPES & THEIR EFFECTS

• Active, incipient, passive, transient, asymmetrical
• Phase & earth faults

SIMPLE CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS

• Revision of simple formulae
• Calculation of short circuit MVA & fault currents
• Worked examples

SYSTEM EARTHING

• Solid, impedance, touch potentials
• Effect of electric shock
• Earth leakage protection

PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS INCLUDING FUSES

• History, construction & characteristics
• Energy let through & applications

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

• Current transformers: construction, performance, specification, magnetization curves
• Voltage transformers: types, accuracy, connections

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• Purpose & duty, clearance times, types

TRIPPING BATTERIES

• Battery types, chargers, maintenance, D.C. circuitry

RELAYS

• Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) relay
• Construction principles and setting
• Calculation of settings - practical examples
• New Era - modern numerical relays & future trends

PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS AND SESSIONS

• Including simple fault calculations and relay settings
• CO-ORDINATION BY TIME GRADING
• Problems in applying IDMT relays

LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS

• Air & molded circuit breakers
• Construction and installation
• Protection tripping characteristics
• Selective co-ordination (current limiting, earth leakage protection, cascading)

PRINCIPLES OF UNIT PROTECTION

• Differential protection - basic principles

FEEDER PROTECTION

• Cables
• Pilot wire differential
• Overhead lines
• Distance protection (basic principles, characteristics, various schemes)

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

• Phase shift, magnetizing in-rush, inter-turn, core & tank faults
• Differential & restricted earth fault schemes
• Bucholz relay, oil & winding temperature
• Oil - testing & gas analysis

SWITCHGEAR (BUSBAR) PROTECTION

• Requirements, zones, types
• Frame leakage
• Reverse blocking
• High, medium & low impedance schemes

MOTOR PROTECTION

• Thermal overload, time constraints, early relays, starting & stalling conditions
• Unbalanced supply voltages, negative sequence currents, de-rating factors
• Phase faults protection
• Earth faults - core balance, residual stabilizing resistors

GENERATOR PROTECTION

• Stator & rotor faults
• Overload & over-voltage
• Reverse power, unbalanced loading
• Loss of excitation and synchronism
• Typical protection scheme for industrial generators

OVERHEAD LINE PROTECTION

• Basic principles of the distance relay
• Tripping characteristics
• Application onto power lines
• Effect of load current & arc resistance
• Various schemes using power line carrier

MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION

• Routine & annual testing, investigation and performance assessment, upgrading