Fault Analysis In Electrical Networks and Distribution Cables Course
Electrical and Power Engineering
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Fault Analysis In Electrical Networks and Distribution Cables Course
Introduction:
The detection and identification of faults on an electrical network have been and still is one of the problems facing Transmission and Distribution companies. The characteristics and operation of a network system are major considerations in creating or reducing the effects of electrical faults on the system. Effective modern protective systems are designed to sense faults and send a warning signal or initiate a disconnection of the faulty system in an appropriate time. Delegates are encouraged to participate by active involvement in group discussions and sharing experiences.
Course Objectives:
By the end of the training, participants will be able to:
- Understand the various types of fault currents
- Determine the causes of overcurrent and short circuit current
- Explain the differences between symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
- Analyze the common faults in a power system
- Interpret manual calculation versus software aided fault current calculations
Who Should Attend?
This course is intended for engineers & supervisors who work in transmission, distribution, maintenance, operation, control and analysis of Utilities & Industrial Electrical Networks.
Course Outlines:
Power System Components and System Grounding
- Introduction
- General
Importance of Continuity of Supply
Power System Components
Causes of Faults
Types of Faults
System Grounding
Introduction
Ungrounded Generation Units & Transformers
Transient over Voltages in Ungrounded Systems: Generators and Transformers
Grounded Detection Methods for Ungrounded Systems: Generators & Transformers
High Impedance Grounding Systems: Generators & Transformer
System Grounding for Mine or Other Hazardous Type Applications
Low Impedance Grounding: Generator & Transformers
Solid (Effective) Grounding Generators & Transformers
Ferro--resonance in 3-Phase Power Systems: Distribution Systems
Ferro-resonance in 3-Phase Power Systems: Transmission Systems
Arrangements of Grounding in Power Systems
Grounding Summary and Recommendation
Electric Shock and Its Effects on Humans
Ground Resistance
Transmission Line Grounds
Substation Grounding
Analysis of Power Generation & Transformer Systems and Analytical Tools for Fault Analysis
Power Generation Systems
General
Factors Affect the Fault Current Contribution & Continuity of Supply
General
Balanced Three–Phase Faults at No Load Generator
Relation between Substation Equipment’s Connections and the Fault Contribution
Transformers
Vector Group
Parallel Transformers with Different Vector Groups
Grounding Transformers
Common & Separate Grounding Resistance (High & Low Values)
Fault Calculations
System Configuration
Per-Unit Values
Symmetrical Components
Symmetrical & Unsymmetrical Fault Calculations
Short Circuit Level
Effect of Induction Machines on Short Circuit Level
Rupture Capacity of Circuit Breakers
Methods to Reduce the Short Circuit Level & Peak Current Limiters
Numerical Examples
Fault Analysis in Power Generation Plants
Generation Plants Outline
Types of Electrical Faults in Generating Plants
Methodology of Generator Fault Analysis
Mal & False Operation of Common Protective Relays Which Leads to Power System Disturbances
Introduction
Directional & Non-Directional over Current and Earth Fault Relays
Sensitive Earth Fault, Differential & Restricted Earth Fault, Directional and
Distance Relays
Gas Actuating Relays
Buchholz Relay
Sudden Pressure Relays
Over Fluxing Relays
Case Study
A Case of a False Operation for an Out–Of–Step Relay (OS)
A Case of a False Operation of a Circuit Breaker
System Behavior due to some Abnormal Operational Conditions
Introduction
Shortage of Active Power & Frequency Deviation
Shortage of Reactive Power
Introduction
Voltage Deviations & Voltage Rise
Voltage Stability and Voltage Collapse with Case Studies
Maintenance Management and Fault Forecast
Maintenance Strategies
Run to Failure (RF)
Scheduled Maintenance (SM)
Condition Based Maintenance (CM)
Fault Forecast (Fault Detection)
Faults due to Unavoidable Causes and Network Improvement
Faults due to the Following External & Internal Influences
Lightning
Switching
Pollution
Harmonics
Network Performance Evaluation
Cause of Blackouts in Electrical Networks
Blackout in Power Systems
Preventive Measures of Blackout (Network Improvement Methods)
Case Studies Discussions