Communications for Protection and Control of Electrical Power Systems Course

Course Overview:

This course deals with the issues related to electrical fault protection systems, their types, the impact on the power system and how to specify and run such protection systems.

Protection relays including protection schemes and the testing needed plus the fundamental principles of protection for transformers, generators, motors, feed and Bus bars will be covered. Some of the topics included are: short circuit calculations, overcurrent and earth fault protection , distance protection and advanced numerical protection systems. 

This course is geared towards engineers and senior technicians who work with utility and industrial power systems to fault diagnose, put in place reliable safe systems and strategies for protection.

Course Objectives:

By the end of the training, participants will be able to:

• The nature of different types of electrical faults and the effect these faults can have on company assets
• Understanding of electrical fault protection systems
• Practical solutions for specifying and operating protection systems
• Comprehensive understanding of principles and selection of protection relays and protection schemes
• The requirement for testing of relays and protection systems

Who Should Attend?

This course is intended for all Engineers and Senior Technicians from Electrical Utilization Companies and Industrial organizations, Building and Services Professionals, who have to deal with the aspects of electrical and industrial power systems protection, control and operation will also find the course beneficial. Participants need no specific requirements other than a good understanding of electrotechnology and some relevant experience.

Course Outlines:

Introduction to Protection

• Protection Role
• Protection Objectives
• Protection Requirements
• Protection of Basic Principles
• Protection Types
• Protection Function Codes
• Relay Protection History
• Numerical Protective

Relays Power System Fault Analysis

• Power System Basics
• Faults in Power Systems
• Type of Faults
• Balanced & Unbalanced Faults
• Fault Effects on the Power System
• Fault Current
• Factors Affecting a Fault
• Power System Analysis

• Short Circuit Calculation Method
• Three-Phase Fault
• Earth Fault
• Two-Phase Fault
• Open Circuit
• Modeling Components
• Short Circuit Calculation Procedure
• SC Calculations by Computer Program

Current and Voltage Transformers

• Current Transformers Theory
• Current Transformer Types
• Current Transformer Rated Characteristics
• Accuracy Class & CT Errors
• CT Magnetizing Curve
• CT Response to System Transients
• Current Transformers Earthing
• Current Transformer Connections
• Protection Requirements for CT
• Voltage Transformers Theory
• Voltage Transformer Types
• Voltage transformer rated characteristics
• VT accuracy & VT errors
• Effects on VT Performance
• Voltage Transformers Earthing
• Voltage Transformer Connections
• Optical Sensors Basics
• Optical Sensors Principle
• Optical Sensors

Characteristics Power System Earthing 

• Purpose of Earthing
• System Earthing Types
• Forming Neutral Point in Isolated

Systems Circuit Breakers

• Purpose of Circuit Breakers
• Circuit Breaker Types (HV, MV, LV)
• Circuit Breaker Tripping Characteristics

Overcurrent Protection

• OC Protection Principle of Operation
• OC Protection Requirements
• OC Protection Characteristics
• Directional OC protection
• OC Typical Data
• OC Protection

Applications Earth Fault Protection

• EF Protection Principle of Operation
• EF Protection Requirements
• EF Protection Characteristics
• EF Protection Typical Data
• EF Protection Applications
• Numerical Multifunctional OC & EF Relays

Feeder Protection

• Feeders in Power Systems
• Pilot Wire Protection
• Pilot Wire Protection Schematics
• Pilot Wire Protection Characteristics
• Feeder Differential Protection
• Phase Angle Comparison
• Optical Differential Protection
• Communication Channels
• Feeder Diff Protection Characteristics
• Distance protection
• Distance protection zones & characteristics
• Distance protection schemes
• Distance protection issues
• Numerical distance protection

Transformer Protection

• Transformers in Power Systems
• Transformer Faults & Current Flow
• Magnetizing Inrush Current
• Transformer Protection Requirements
• Transformer Protection Concept
• Transformer Differential Protection
• Restricted Earth Fault Protection
• HV/LV Connections Protection
• HV Overcurrent protection
• LV Overcurrent & earth fault protection
• Neutral earth fault protection
• Transformer Mechanical Protection
• Transformer Tripping Circuits
• Earthing Transformer Protection
• Numerical Protection for Transformers
• Transformer Feeders Protection
• Ferroresonance, detection, and mitigating measures

Generator Protection

• Generator Principle of Operation & Types
• Generator Earthing
• Generator Connections
• Generator Faults
• Generator Protection Requirements
• Generator Protection Concept
• Generator Mechanical Protection
• Shaft Protection
• Reverse Power Protection
• Pole Slipping Protection
• Generator Differential Protection
• Stator Earth Fault Protection
• Overcurrent Protection
• Stator Thermal Protection
• Rotor Earth Fault Protection
• Over Excitation Protection
• Unbalanced Load Protection
• Overvoltage Protection
• Under-voltage Protection
• Frequency Protection
• Forward Power Protection
• Generator Protection

Summary Motor Protection 

• Motor Types
• Motor Principle of Operation
• Motor Considerations and Imposed External Conditions
• Motor Faults
• Motor Protection Requirements
• Motor Differential protection
• Overcurrent protection
• Overload protection
• Under load protection
• Earth fault protection
• Under-voltage protection
• Unbalanced protection
• Successive start protection
• Speed variation protection
• Loss of supply protection
• Out of synchronism protection
• Motor Protection Summary
• Numerical Motor Protection

Busbar Protection

• Busbars In Power Systems
• Busbar Protection Basics
• MV Busbar Protection
• High Impedance BB Protection
• Low Impedance BB Protection
• Numerical BB Protection
• Breaker Fail Protection

Protection Settings

• Protection Settings Calculations
• General Principles for Protection Settings
• Relay Configuration File Example
• Managing Protection Settings
• Overcurrent Protection Setting Calculations
• Transformer Differential Protection Setting Calculations
• Distance Protection Setting

Calculations Protection Grading